bug(cdkMenu): menu template context is not updated when cdkMenuTriggerData is changed

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

When cdkMenuTriggerData is used to pass additional context to a menu template the template context is not update when the data is changed.

### Reproduction
[GitHub](https://github.com/ghostlytalamaur/angular-cdk-menu-data-bug)
[StackBlitz](https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-s5r2am-ax9zgm?file=src/main.ts)
Steps to reproduce:
1. Open the application.
2. Click the button "Click Me!". Menu with initial counter value is shown.
3. Click "Increment" button.
4. Click "Click Me!" button second time

### Expected Behavior

Counter value in the context menu should be in sync with the value on the "Click Me!" button.

### Actual Behavior

Counter value in the context menu keep initial value and is not updated when context changes.

### Environment

- Angular: 15.0.0
- CDK/Material: 15.0.2

Comienza con la reproducción vinculada de GitHub o StackBlitz y sigue cómo cdkMenuTriggerData llega a la plantilla de menú de Angular CDK. Reproduce el contador obsoleto después de cambiar el valor y, a continuación, verifica que al volver a abrir el menú se muestre el valor actual del contador y que las pruebas relevantes pasen.

Escrito por el modelo de indexación a partir del texto del issue.