bug(CdkPortalOutlet): Component can be rendered outside CdkPortalOutlet

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

If you have ComponentPortal with provided ViewContainerRef NgForOf can rerender component outside CdkPortalOutlet.
Looks like [this code](https://github.com/angular/components/blob/7a24e95bafbdeb697f74a48e275c2442bcbefc74/src/cdk/portal/portal-directives.ts#L166) is executed only once and after NgForOf dom manipulations there is nothing that can move ComponentPortalExample to expected position

### Reproduction

[Demo](https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-ivy-lthq8f?file=src%2Fapp%2Fportal.component.ts,src%2Fapp%2Fapp.module.ts,src%2Fapp%2Fapp.component.html)

Steps to reproduce:
1. Wait until component outlet will render component
2. Drag Item 1 down
3. Drag Item 1 up
4. ComponentPortalExample is rendered inside item list instead of inside component outlet
instead

### Expected Behavior

ComponentPortalExample should stay inside CdkPortalOutlet

### Actual Behavior

ComponentPortalExample is rendered inside item list instead of inside CdkPortalOutlet

### Environment


リンク先のコードの src/cdk/portal/portal-directives.ts から始め、提供されている StackBlitz デモを使って問題を再現します。ComponentPortal、提供されている ViewContainerRef、NgForOf による DOM の並べ替えの相互作用を調査します。Item 1 を下にドラッグしてから上に戻した後も ComponentPortalExample が CdkPortalOutlet 内に残れば完了です。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。