bug(cdk-virtual-scroll): Only shows a few items when using scrollWindow property

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

When you use the scrollWindow property it only renderers the initial items (the ones inside your min and max buffer settings) after that it is just blank spaces.

It also happens at the angular material show case example, it only show the first 21 items. I tried to use the checkViewportSize() method but of no use.

https://material.angular.io/cdk/scrolling/overview

### Reproduction

https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-1uahhp?file=src/app/cdk-virtual-scroll-window-scrolling-example.ts

Steps to reproduce:
1. It already happens on the virtual scrolling window example.

### Expected Behavior

It should render new items as you scroll down the page, eventually rendering all the items.

### Actual Behavior

It stops rendering items after the initial ones are rendered.

### Environment

- Angular: 14.1.0
- CDK/Material: 14.1.0
- Browser(s): Chrome, Firefox
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Windows, macOS

リンクされている StackBlitz の再現を実行し、Angular Material の仮想スクロールウィンドウの例と比較します。仮想スクロールの例における scrollWindow の動作を追跡し、最初にバッファーされた項目を越えてスクロールしたときに、Chrome と Firefox で空白ではなく後続の項目がレンダリングされることを確認します。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。