(Dialog) Component-less alert and confirm dialogs

#### Feature Description

My proposal is to create one or two methods on the `MatDialog` provider/controller to allow component-less alert and confirm dialogs, for example:

// Alert dialog
this.dialog.alert({
title: 'Forbidden',
message: 'The resource you are trying to access is forbidden.',
okButton: 'OK'
})

// Confirm dialog
this.dialog.confirm({
title: 'Server error',
message: 'The server is currently in maintenance.',
confirmButton: 'Retry',
cancelButton: 'Cancel'
})

Alternatively, both `alert` and `confirm` could be on a single method:

this.dialog.alert({
title: 'The title',
message: 'The message',
confirmButton: 'OK', // Optional, only for confirm
dismissButton: 'Dismiss'
}).afterClose().subscribe((result: boolean) => console.log); // True if confirm, false if dismiss.

#### Use Case

Currently, we have to create a component for every dialog, event the simplest dialog. This is painful and useless in most cases. Other alternatives (what I do) is to create a `AlertService` that does it for me. But makes no sense maintain it if it could be a simple feature of `MatDialog`

まず、既存の MatDialog provider/controller と現在の component-based dialog flow を確認します。提案されている alert API と confirm API を、button labels と boolean close result を含めて比較します。両方の dialog outcomes について、component-less behavior と API choice が定義され、実装されていれば完了です。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。