feature request: Simplify MatTree setup

#### Bug, feature request, or proposal:
feature request

#### What is the expected behavior?
To simlify matTree setup

#### What is the current behavior?
we use lots of codes to setup a flatten tree
```javascript
this.treeFlattener = new MatTreeFlattener(this.transformer, this.getLevel,
this.isExpandable, this.getChildren);
this.treeControl = new FlatTreeControl(this.getLevel, this.isExpandable);
this.dataSource = new MatTreeFlatDataSource(this.treeControl, this.treeFlattener);

this.database.dataChange.subscribe(data => {
this.dataSource.data = data;
});

getLevel = (node: TodoItemFlatNode) => node.level;

isExpandable = (node: TodoItemFlatNode) => node.expandable;

getChildren = (node: TodoItemNode): Observable => {
return ofObservable(node.children);
}

hasChild = (_: number, _nodeData: TodoItemFlatNode) => _nodeData.expandable;

hasNoContent = (_: number, _nodeData: TodoItemFlatNode) => _nodeData.item === '';
```

#### What are the steps to reproduce?
[official demo](https://run.stackblitz.com/api/angular/v1?file=app%2Ftree-checklist-example.ts)

#### What is the use-case or motivation for changing an existing behavior?
1. Convention over configuration
We should follow a convention rather than do too many configuration.
All tree datasource has the same property such as `children`, `level`, `expandable`
2. Proposal
```javascript
// to define a material tree interface
export interface MatTreeNode {
level: number;
expandable: boolean,
children: Array
}

// all tree nodes must implements tree data interface
export class MyTreeNode implements MatTreeNode {
// ... business logic
}

// only need to pass Array to setup tree component
this.treeDataSource = new MatTreeDataSource(Array);
```

#### Which versions of Angular, Material, OS, TypeScript, browsers are affected?
Angular 6.0.0
Material 6.0.0
Typescript 2.7.2

#### Is there anything else we should know?

公式の tree-checklist デモとそのエントリーポイント app/tree-checklist-example.ts から始め、Issue に記載されている MatTreeFlattener、FlatTreeControl、MatTreeFlatDataSource のセットアップを確認します。完了条件は、繰り返される callbacks を削除し、実例で示されているツリーの動作を維持する、よりシンプルな MatTree データソース API について合意し、実装することです。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。