Worklet support

### Which @angular/* package(s) are relevant/related to the feature request?

compiler

### Description

The [worklets](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Worklet) are light weighted version of web workers. Currently Angular supports web workers, but not worklets, this makes us unable to make use of Angular's Typescript and bundling support when writing a worklet (i.e. we have to write the worklet in pure Javasctript, or deal with compiling and bundling ourselves).

### Proposed solution

Support worklet like web workers.

### Alternatives considered

For now we have come to a hacky workaround:

1. Write the worklet as if it's a web worker. This is perfecly supported by Angular. Now the problem is, to load the compiled worker script, we don't have a trivial way to get its URL.

2. Wrap the worker code like this:

```js
if (typeof self !== "undefined") {
postMessage(self.location.href);
} else {
// do the worklet thing
}
```
When `self` is not `undefined`, we know this script is loaded as a webworker (in a worklet context it would be `undefined`). In this case, send the script's location by `postMessage`.

3. When trying to load the worklet, first load it as a web worker, wait for it to report the location, then terminate the worker and use the location to load the worklet.

E.g. load an audio worklet:
```typescript
// probe worker url
const worker = new Worker(
new URL("path/to/the/worker", import.meta.url),
);

const url = await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
worker.onmessage = (e) => {
resolve(e.data);
worker.terminate();
};

worker.onmessageerror = reject;
});

await audioContext.audioWorklet.addModule(url);
```

Start by reading the compiler's existing web-worker support and comparing it with the Worklet API described in the issue. The work is done when Angular provides equivalent TypeScript compilation and bundling support for worklets, with coverage for the requested loading flow.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.