Worklet support

### Which @angular/* package(s) are relevant/related to the feature request?

compiler

### Description

The [worklets](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Worklet) are light weighted version of web workers. Currently Angular supports web workers, but not worklets, this makes us unable to make use of Angular's Typescript and bundling support when writing a worklet (i.e. we have to write the worklet in pure Javasctript, or deal with compiling and bundling ourselves).

### Proposed solution

Support worklet like web workers.

### Alternatives considered

For now we have come to a hacky workaround:

1. Write the worklet as if it's a web worker. This is perfecly supported by Angular. Now the problem is, to load the compiled worker script, we don't have a trivial way to get its URL.

2. Wrap the worker code like this:

```js
if (typeof self !== "undefined") {
postMessage(self.location.href);
} else {
// do the worklet thing
}
```
When `self` is not `undefined`, we know this script is loaded as a webworker (in a worklet context it would be `undefined`). In this case, send the script's location by `postMessage`.

3. When trying to load the worklet, first load it as a web worker, wait for it to report the location, then terminate the worker and use the location to load the worklet.

E.g. load an audio worklet:
```typescript
// probe worker url
const worker = new Worker(
new URL("path/to/the/worker", import.meta.url),
);

const url = await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
worker.onmessage = (e) => {
resolve(e.data);
worker.terminate();
};

worker.onmessageerror = reject;
});

await audioContext.audioWorklet.addModule(url);
```

Beginne damit, die vorhandene web-worker-Unterstützung des Compilers zu lesen und sie mit der in diesem Issue beschriebenen Worklet API zu vergleichen. Die Arbeit ist abgeschlossen, wenn Angular eine gleichwertige TypeScript-Kompilierungs- und Bundling-Unterstützung für Worklets bietet, mit Abdeckung für den angeforderten Ladeablauf.

Vom Indexierungsmodell aus dem Issue-Text verfasst.