Add pre-compiled Python binaries for Debian in versions manifest

Description:
Add pre-compiled Python binaries for Debian (12 and 13) to the versions-manifest.json. Currently the manifest only includes Ubuntu (16.04–24.04), causing actions/setup-python to fail on Debian-based self-hosted runners with:

Error: The version '3.x' with architecture 'x64' was not found for Debian 13.

Requested additions:

Justification:
Debian is one of the most widely deployed Linux distributions for self-hosted CI runners and server infrastructure. Ubuntu itself is derived from Debian and shares the same glibc/libc6 ABI, meaning the same build pipeline used to produce Ubuntu binaries should work for Debian with minimal changes. Without manifest entries for Debian, setup-python performs a platform detection check via /etc/os-release, finds no matching entry, and errors out — even though an Ubuntu 24.04 binary would run correctly on Debian 13. Users are forced to either switch their runner OS to Ubuntu or remove setup-python entirely and rely on the system Python, both of which are unnecessary workarounds given the binary compatibility.

Are you willing to submit a PR?

Yes, open to contributing if the maintainers can provide guidance on the build matrix configuration for Debian targets.

Beginne mit den Ubuntu-Einträgen in versions-manifest.json und der Konfiguration der Build-Matrix für vorhandene Binärziele. Verfolge, wie actions/setup-python /etc/os-release den Manifest-Einträgen zuordnet, und überprüfe anschließend die Abdeckung von Debian 12 und 13 für x64 und arm64 sowie eine erfolgreiche Versionsauflösung.