Improve examples in docstrings

Pull request #433 brings to mind some things that could be improved in docstrings more generally. Cleaning these up might be a good starter issue.

1. Obviously, code examples should be correct and actually work. :)

2. Code examples should also be self-contained if possible, and avoid referring to files in sample-data (most people reading the documentation are probably not running the code directly from the git repository.) In most cases, it's better to use examples from published databases on PhysioNet.

3. Code examples should be written in a consistent style. We generally use numpy style (https://numpydoc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/format.html) for docstrings, but we haven't been entirely consistent. In particular, numpy style requires examples to be written in "doctest" style, like this:

    """
    Examples
    --------
    >>> np.add([[1, 2], [3, 4]],
    ...        [[5, 6], [7, 8]])
    array([[ 6,  8],
           [10, 12]])
    """

This format has some nice properties (it can be tested automatically by doctest, and formatted nicely by sphinx.) On the other hand, the "..." is a little annoying when you want to copy and paste an example.

Beginne mit der Prüfung von Pull Request #433 und der vorhandenen docstrings, die darin behandelt werden. Identifiziere Beispiele, die sample-data verwenden oder das angegebenen NumPy-style-doctest-Format nicht einhalten; fertig ist die Aufgabe, wenn die ausgewählten Beispiele funktionieren, nach Möglichkeit eigenständig sind, gegebenenfalls veröffentlichte PhysioNet-Daten verwenden und einem einheitlichen Stil folgen.