DistributedArrays is not thread-safe

Due to the use of globals such as `DistributedArrays.registry`, currently DistributedArrays is not thread-safe:

```julia
julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.11.6
Commit 9615af0f269 (2025-07-09 12:58 UTC)
Build Info:
Official https://julialang.org/ release
Platform Info:
OS: macOS (arm64-apple-darwin24.0.0)
CPU: 10 × Apple M2 Pro
WORD_SIZE: 64
LLVM: libLLVM-16.0.6 (ORCJIT, apple-m2)
Threads: 6 default, 0 interactive, 3 GC (on 6 virtual cores)
Environment:
JULIA_PKG_USE_CLI_GIT = true
JULIA_PKG_PRESERVE_TIERED_INSTALLED = true

julia> using DistributedArrays

julia> v = [rand(10) for _ in 1:1000];

julia> @sync for vi in v
Threads.@spawn distribute(vi)
end;
ERROR: TaskFailedException

nested task error: TaskFailedException

nested task error: AssertionError: Multiple concurrent writes to Dict detected!
Stacktrace:
[1] _setindex!
@ ./dict.jl:337 [inlined]
[2] setindex!(h::Dict{Any, Nothing}, v0::Nothing, key::Tuple{Int64, Int64})
@ Base ./dict.jl:363
[3] push!
@ ./set.jl:137 [inlined]
[4] DArray{…}(id::Tuple{…}, dims::Tuple{…}, pids::Vector{…}, indices::Vector{…}, cuts::Vector{…}, lp::Vector{…})
@ DistributedArrays ~/.julia/packages/DistributedArrays/SxLCk/src/darray.jl:47
[5] construct_localparts(init::DistributedArrays.var"#73#75"{…}, id::Tuple{…}, dims::Tuple{…}, pids::Vector{…}, idxs::Vector{…}, cuts::Vector{…}; T::Nothing, A::Nothing)
@ DistributedArrays ~/.julia/packages/DistributedArrays/SxLCk/src/darray.jl:126
[6] construct_localparts(init::Function, id::Tuple{…}, dims::Tuple{…}, pids::Vector{…}, idxs::Vector{…}, cuts::Vector{…})
@ DistributedArrays ~/.julia/packages/DistributedArrays/SxLCk/src/darray.jl:117
[7] #invokelatest#2
@ ./essentials.jl:1055 [inlined]
[8] invokelatest
@ ./essentials.jl:1052 [inlined]
[9] #153
@ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.11.6+0.aarch64.apple.darwin14/share/julia/stdlib/v1.11/Distributed/src/remotecall.jl:425 [inlined]
[10] run_work_thunk(thunk::Distributed.var"#153#154"{…}, print_error::Bool)
@ Distributed ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.11.6+0.aarch64.apple.darwin14/share/julia/stdlib/v1.11/Distributed/src/process_messages.jl:70
[11] #remotecall_fetch#158
@ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.11.6+0.aarch64.apple.darwin14/share/julia/stdlib/v1.11/Distributed/src/remotecall.jl:450 [inlined]
[12] remotecall_fetch
@ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.11.6+0.aarch64.apple.darwin14/share/julia/stdlib/v1.11/Distributed/src/remotecall.jl:449 [inlined]
[13] remotecall_fetch
@ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.11.6+0.aarch64.apple.darwin14/share/julia/stdlib/v1.11/Distributed/src/remotecall.jl:492 [inlined]
[14] (::DistributedArrays.var"#1#3"{…})()
@ DistributedArrays ~/.julia/packages/DistributedArrays/SxLCk/src/darray.jl:88
Stacktrace:
[1] #remotecall_fetch#158
@ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.11.6+0.aarch64.apple.darwin14/share/julia/stdlib/v1.11/Distributed/src/remotecall.jl:451 [inlined]
[2] remotecall_fetch
@ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.11.6+0.aarch64.apple.darwin14/share/julia/stdlib/v1.11/Distributed/src/remotecall.jl:449 [inlined]
[3] remotecall_fetch
@ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.11.6+0.aarch64.apple.darwin14/share/julia/stdlib/v1.11/Distributed/src/remotecall.jl:492 [inlined]
[4] (::DistributedArrays.var"#1#3"{…})()
@ DistributedArrays ~/.julia/packages/DistributedArrays/SxLCk/src/darray.jl:88
Stacktrace:
[1] sync_end(c::Channel{Any})
@ Base ./task.jl:466
[2] macro expansion
@ ./task.jl:499 [inlined]
[3] DArray(id::Tuple{…}, init::Function, dims::Tuple{…}, pids::Vector{…}, idxs::Vector{…}, cuts::Vector{…})
@ DistributedArrays ~/.julia/packages/DistributedArrays/SxLCk/src/darray.jl:83
[4] DArray(init::Function, dims::Tuple{Int64}, procs::Vector{Int64}, dist::Vector{Int64})
@ DistributedArrays ~/.julia/packages/DistributedArrays/SxLCk/src/darray.jl:177
[5] distribute(A::Vector{Float64}; procs::Vector{Int64}, dist::Vector{Int64})
@ DistributedArrays ~/.julia/packages/DistributedArrays/SxLCk/src/darray.jl:550
[6] distribute(A::Vector{Float64})
@ DistributedArrays ~/.julia/packages/DistributedArrays/SxLCk/src/darray.jl:540
[7] (::var"#7#8"{Vector{Float64}})()
@ Main ./REPL[6]:2

...and 3 more exceptions.

Stacktrace:
[1] sync_end(c::Channel{Any})
@ Base ./task.jl:466
[2] macro expansion
@ task.jl:499 [inlined]
[3] top-level scope
@ REPL[6]:1
Some type information was truncated. Use `show(err)` to see complete types.
```

AFAICT this could be fixed by using task-local states (`OncePerTask` on Julia >= 1.12).