TypeGuard typechecking on `filter` is too strict

使用提供的 filter-mypy.py 示例重现该报告，并检查 issue 中所示的 builtins.filter 重载，然后确定修复应归属于 mypy 还是 typeshed。只有在 None、bool 和 isinstance 的用法能够按预期通过类型检查，且不会削弱对无关 filter 用法的检查时，才算完成。

Bug Report

NB: This may be more properly an issue in Typeshed, or require changes in that project to fix, but our team encountered it via MyPy.

The type annotations on builtins.filter cause correct and idiomatic usages to fail to typecheck:

To Reproduce

# filter-mypy.py
path_parts: List[Optional[str]] = ["foo", None, "bar"]

"/".join(filter(None, path_parts))
"/".join(filter(bool, path_parts))
"/".join(filter(lambda s: isinstance(s, str), path_parts))

Expected:

$> mypy filter-mypy.py
Success: no issues found in 1 source file

Actual result:

$> mypy filter-mypy.py
filter-mypy.py:6: error: Argument 1 to "filter" has incompatible type "Type[bool]"; expected "Callable[[Optional[str]], TypeGuard[str]]"
filter-mypy.py:7: error: Argument 1 to "filter" has incompatible type "Callable[[Any], bool]"; expected "Callable[[Optional[str]], TypeGuard[str]]"
Found 2 errors in 1 file (checked 1 source file)

Your Environment

• Mypy version used:

$> mypy --version
mypy 0.950 (compiled: yes)

• Python version used:

$> python --version
Python 3.10.4

• Operating system and version: Ubuntu 20.04

The following is what my editor (VSCode) pulls up when I investigate the type hints for filter, though I doubt this is the same file that MyPy itself is consulting:

class filter(Iterator[_T], Generic[_T]):
    @overload
    def __init__(self, __function: None, __iterable: Iterable[_T | None]) -> None: ...
    @overload
    def __init__(self, __function: Callable[[_S], TypeGuard[_T]], __iterable: Iterable[_S]) -> None: ...
    @overload
    def __init__(self, __function: Callable[[_T], Any], __iterable: Iterable[_T]) -> None: ...

Note that both offending lines conform to the third type signature, but fail the second.