[RFC]: add `@stdlib/fs/resolve-parent-paths-by`

### Description

This RFC proposes adding `@stdlib/fs/resolve-parent-paths-by` similar to [`@stdlib/fs/resolve-parent-path-by`](https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/fs/resolve-parent-path-by), which instead of a single path, accepts an array of paths and resolves according to the `predicate`.

Similar to [`@stdlib/fs/resolve-parent-paths`](https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/fs/resolve-parent-paths) we would want to support multiple modes of operation.

### Related Issues

Related issues #2565

### Questions

No.

### Other

No.

### Checklist

- [X] I have read and understood the [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/blob/develop/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
- [X] Searched for existing issues and pull requests.
- [X] The issue name begins with `RFC:`.

Start by reading @stdlib/fs/resolve-parent-path-by and @stdlib/fs/resolve-parent-paths, then compare the related issue #2565 for the intended scope. Define the array-of-paths behavior, predicate handling, and supported modes before checking the analogous implementations and their tests; done means the new module matches the established APIs and mode semantics.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.