[RFC]: Add batch machine learning algorithms in Javascript and C (tracking issue)

### Description
This RFC proposes adding Javascript and C implementation for some batch machine learning algorithms. The purpose of this issue is to serve as a tracking issue for adding Javascript and C implementations.

### Packages
#### Loss functions
- [ ] `ml/base/loss/float64/hinge`: #11953
- [x] `ml/base/loss/float64/hinge-gradient`: #12216
- [ ] `ml/base/loss/float64/log`
- [x] `ml/base/loss/float64/log-gradient`: #12241
- [ ] `ml/base/loss/float64/modified-huber`
- [x] `ml/base/loss/float64/modified-huber-gradient` #13139
- [ ] `ml/base/loss/float64/squared-hinge`
- [x] `ml/base/loss/float64/squared-hinge-gradient` #13192
- [ ] `ml/base/loss/float64/squared-error`
- [x] `ml/base/loss/float64/squared-error-gradient` #13363
- [ ] `ml/base/loss/float64/huber`
- [x] `ml/base/loss/float64/huber-gradient` #13521
- [ ] `ml/base/loss/float64/epsilon-insensitive`
- [x] `ml/base/loss/float64/epsilon-insensitive-gradient` #13249
- [ ] `ml/base/loss/float64/squared-epsilon-insensitive`
- [x] `ml/base/loss/float64/squared-epsilon-insensitive-gradient` #13498

#### KMeans
- [x] Metrics enum
- [x] `ml/base/kmeans/metrics`: #10714
- [x] `ml/base/kmeans/metric-str2enum`: #10842
- [x] `ml/base/kmeans/metric-enum2str`: #10841
- [x] `ml/base/kmeans/metric-resolve-enum`: #12321
- [x] `ml/base/kmeans/metric-resolve-str`: #12322

- [x] Algorithms enum
- [x] `ml/base/kmeans/algorithms`: #10796
- [x] `ml/base/kmeans/algorithm-str2enum`: #12119
- [x] `ml/base/kmeans/algorithm-enum2str`: #12119
- [x] `ml/base/kmeans/algorithm-resolve-enum`: #12129
- [x] `ml/base/kmeans/algorithm-resolve-str`: #12128

- [ ] `ml/base/kmeans/results/*`
- [ ] `ml/base/kmeans/results/factory`: #12429
- [ ] `ml/base/kmeans/results/float32`: #12429
- [ ] `ml/base/kmeans/results/float64`: #12429
- [x] `ml/base/kmeans/results/struct-factory`: #12356
- [ ] `ml/base/kmeans/results/to-json`: #12429
- [ ] `ml/base/kmeans/results/to-string`: #12429

- [ ] `ml/base/kmeans/stats/*`
- [ ] `ml/base/kmeans/stats/factory`
- [ ] `ml/base/kmeans/stats/float32`
- [ ] `ml/base/kmeans/stats/float64`
- [ ] `ml/base/kmeans/stats/struct-factory`: #12856
- [ ] `ml/base/kmeans/stats/to-json`
- [ ] `ml/base/kmeans/stats/to-string`

- [ ] `ml/strided/dkmeans-init-plus-plus`
- [ ] Javscript: #12312
- [ ] C : (Blocked by node-addons)

- [ ] `ml/strided/dkmeans-init-forgy`
- [ ] Javscript (Blocked by `random/strided/sample`)
- [ ] C : (Blocked by node-addons)

- [ ] `ml/strided/dkmeans-init-random-partition`
- [ ] Javscript: #12819
- [ ] C : (Blocked by node-addons)

- [ ] `ml/strided/dkmeans-compute-centroids`
- [ ] Javscript
- [ ] C

- [ ] `ml/strided/dkmeans-inertia`
- [ ] Javscript
- [ ] C

- [ ] `ml/strided/dkmeansld`
- [ ] Javscript: #9703
- [ ] C

- [ ] `ml/strided/dkmeanselk`
- [ ] Javscript
- [ ] C

- [ ] `ml/kmeans/ctor`
- [ ] Javscript
- [ ] C

#### SGD Classification
- [x] Loss enum
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/loss-functions` #13333
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/loss-function-str2enum` #13430
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/loss-function-enum2str` #13430
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/loss-function-resolve-enum` #13473
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/loss-function-resolve-str` #13471

- [x] Learning Rate enum
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/learning-rates` #13377
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/learning-rate-str2enum` #13429
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/learning-rate-enum2str` #13429
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/learning-rate-resolve-enum` #13474
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/learning-rate-resolve-str` #13475

- [ ] `ml/base/sgd-classification/results/*`
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/results/factory`
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/results/float32`
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/results/float64`
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/results/struct-factory`
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/results/to-json`
- `ml/base/sgd-classification/results/to-string`

- [ ] `ml/strided/dsgd-trainer`
- [ ] Javscript
- [ ] C

- [ ] `ml/strided/dsgd-classification-binary`
- [ ] Javscript
- [ ] C

- [ ] `ml/strided/dsgd-classification-multiclass`
- [ ] Javscript
- [ ] C

- [ ] `ml/sgd-classification/ctor`
- [ ] Javscript
- [ ] C

- [ ] `ml/perceptron/ctor`
- [ ] Javscript
- [ ] C

This is a broad tracking RFC covering packages under ml/base, ml/strided, ml/kmeans, ml/sgd-classification, and ml/perceptron. Start by selecting one unchecked item that is not marked blocked, then inspect its referenced issue when one exists and compare nearby completed checklist entries. Done means the selected JavaScript or C implementation is completed and the corresponding checklist item can be marked finished.

Scritto dal modello di indicizzazione a partire dal testo della issue.