Quickly scrolling to the top of ScrollViews on Android 14 can result in negative offsets

Description

On Android 14, quickly scrolling to the top of a ScrollView can result in a negative offset. See snack and attached video.

This bug is still present without the code to display the offset.

https://github.com/facebook/react-native/assets/25408153/2815525e-7bbe-46a1-8b16-ae6f28c74318

React Native Version

0.72.6

Output of npx react-native info

System:
  OS: macOS 14.0
  CPU: (8) arm64 Apple M1
  Memory: 271.27 MB / 16.00 GB
  Shell:
    version: "5.9"
    path: /bin/zsh
Binaries:
  Node:
    version: 20.5.1
    path: /opt/homebrew/bin/node
  Yarn:
    version: 1.22.19
    path: /opt/homebrew/bin/yarn
  npm:
    version: 9.8.0
    path: /opt/homebrew/bin/npm
  Watchman:
    version: 2023.08.14.00
    path: /opt/homebrew/bin/watchman
Managers:
  CocoaPods:
    version: 1.12.1
    path: /opt/homebrew/bin/pod
SDKs:
  iOS SDK:
    Platforms:
      - DriverKit 23.0
      - iOS 17.0
      - macOS 14.0
      - tvOS 17.0
      - watchOS 10.0
  Android SDK:
    API Levels:
      - "26"
      - "30"
      - "31"
      - "33"
    Build Tools:
      - 29.0.2
      - 29.0.3
      - 30.0.2
      - 30.0.3
      - 31.0.0
      - 33.0.0
      - 34.0.0
    System Images:
      - android-26 | Google APIs ARM 64 v8a
      - android-27 | Google APIs ARM 64 v8a
      - android-28 | Google APIs ARM 64 v8a
      - android-31 | Google APIs ARM 64 v8a
      - android-34 | Google APIs ARM 64 v8a
    Android NDK: Not Found
IDEs:
  Android Studio: Not Found
  Xcode:
    version: 15.0/15A240d
    path: /usr/bin/xcodebuild
Languages:
  Java:
    version: 11.0.11
    path: /usr/bin/javac
  Ruby:
    version: 2.6.10
    path: /usr/bin/ruby
npmPackages:
  "@react-native-community/cli": Not Found
  react:
    installed: 18.2.0
    wanted: 18.2.0
  react-native:
    installed: 0.72.6
    wanted: 0.72.6
  react-native-macos: Not Found
npmGlobalPackages:
  "*react-native*": Not Found
Android:
  hermesEnabled: true
  newArchEnabled: false
iOS:
  hermesEnabled: true
  newArchEnabled: false

Steps to reproduce

1. Create a scroll view with enough content for it to scroll
2. Scroll down a bit and then scroll quickly to the top

Snack, screenshot, or link to a repository

https://snack.expo.dev/@evanb/android-scroll-view-bug

https://github.com/facebook/react-native/assets/25408153/2815525e-7bbe-46a1-8b16-ae6f28c74318

Start by running the linked Snack on Android 14 and reproduce the quick scroll to the top described in the steps. Use the attached video and reported negative offset as the baseline, then verify that the offset never becomes negative after the fix. No source file or test is named, so locating the relevant Android ScrollView implementation and regression-test location will require investigation.