Request: an AssertingTypeGuard type for TypeGuard-like semantics

There is a frequent pattern of TypeGuard-like functions which assert or otherwise raise an exception if a type constraint is not met.

For example, https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/issues/2007 points to a case in which unittest provides assertIsNotNone, but a type-checker cannot infer that type narrowing has occurred. Arguably, the popular typeguard library is based around an implementation of "asserting" type guards. (One which deduces what assertions should be made from the annotations.)

TypeGuards allow for semantics like

y: str
assert is_list_of_str(x)
assert len(x) > 0
y = x[0]

An AssertingTypeGuard would allow for

y: str
assert_is_nonempty_list_of_str(x)  # note, this encodes another runtime check, the len check
y = x[0]

This becomes especially valuable if we consider that you might not want to do this all with assert. I may, as an author, prefer my own custom exceptions, e.g.

def assert_is_nonempty_list_of_str(x) -> AssertingTypeGuard[list[str]]:
    if not isinstance(x, list):
        raise ExpectedListError(x)
    if not x:
        raise EmptyContainerError(x)
    if not all(isinstance(y, str) for y in x):
        raise ContainedInvalidTypeError(x, str)
    return x

(Apologies if this repo is the wrong place to submit this request/idea. I'm happy to go through another process if necessary.)

请求中未指出任何实现文件或测试。首先检查 TypeGuard 示例、链接的 Pyright issue 以及关于 typeguard 库的讨论；确定 AssertingTypeGuard 是否应纳入 typing 规范，并在实现之前定义预期的 narrowing 和异常语义。