allow `...` in place of generic parameters

from https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/11389

Feature

in kotlin, you can omit a generic from a type annotation when you don't care what its value is:

class Foo<T: Number>

fun foo(value: Foo<*>) {}

more info:

• https://kotlinlang.org/docs/generics.html#star-projections
• https://typealias.com/guides/star-projections-and-how-they-work/

Pitch

• it's especially useful for types that have multiple bounded generics

  i think this could be accomplished by simply allowing ... to be used in place of the generics

  Thing1 = TypeVar("Thing1", bound=Base1, covariant=True)
  Thing2 = TypeVar("Thing2", bound=Base2, covariant=True)
  Thing3 = TypeVar("Thing3", bound=Base3, covariant=True)
  
  
  class ThingWithLotsOfGenerics(Generic[Thing1, Thing2, Thing3]):
      ...
  
  
  def foo(value: ThingWithLotsOfGenerics[..., ..., ...]) -> None:
      ...
  

• Another usage is to ignore variance issues when you don't care about accessing the values.

  @dataclass
  class Box(Generic[T]):
      t: T
  
  def foo(b: Box[...]):
      print(b)
  def bar(b: Box[object]):
      print(b)
  
  b = Box(1)
  foo(b)  # no error
  bar(b)  # error, Box[int] incompatible with Box[object]
  

Alternatives

Use Any

Any removes all type safety so is not a good solution

T = TypeVar("T")

class Foo(Generic[T]):
    a: T

def foo(f: Foo[Any]):
    f.a = "AMONGUS😳"

f = Foo[int]()
foo(f)

Use object/Never

This doesn't work if your TypeVar is bound, you have to specify the bound, which is non-optimal for many reasons.

class Foo: ...

T = TypeVar("T", bound=Foo, covariant=True)


class Bar(Generic[T]):
    ...


# error: Type argument "object" of "Bar" must be a subtype of "Foo"  [type-var]
def foo(value: Bar[object]) -> None:
    ...

(also being tracked in KotlinIsland/basedmypy#30 and https://github.com/DetachHead/basedpyright/issues/18)

首先阅读链接的 mypy issue 和 Kotlin 的 star-projection 文档。将提议的 ... 语法与 Any、object 和 Never 这些替代方案进行比较，然后确定类型语义和实现范围。完成的要求是达成一份共识规范，并在相关的类型检查工具中提供相应支持。