Allow to use function objects as singletons

I was trying to create some stubs for lxml library, but I encountered a function that depending on a function object it gets (as in specific function object - checked with identity check) only finds objects of specific type.

Here's a very simplified mock-up of it so that you can get some idea on what I mean (the typing for arg argument in the find function is incorrect and that's what I want to be able to type hint in some way):

from typing import Union

class _Element: ...

def Element() -> _Element: ...

class _Comment: ...

def Comment() -> _Comment: ...

def find(arg: Union[Element, Comment]) -> Union[_Element, _Comment]:
    if arg is Element:
        # only find _Element objects
    elif arg is Element:
        # only find _Comment objects

# this function should only accept `Element` and `Comment` function object 
find(arg=Element)

So basically those functions serve as a singletons. Unfortunately typing.Union only allows Enums to work as singletons.

I am not entirely sure if this should be supported, usually the code could just be adjusted to use Enums, but in this case it will be used for type stubs so the code can't be edited. And to be honest, I am not sure if the code really needs editing in that case as if I didn't need typing for that library, I would say it's actually quite intuitive to use these factory functions as arguments in this case.

Beginne mit dem Beispiel für ein Singleton mittels Factory-Funktion und dem Vergleich mit Enum-Singletons in Issue #668. Da im Issue keine Implementierungsdateien oder Tests genannt werden, ermittle zunächst, wo typing Singleton-Werte repräsentiert und wie Funktionsobjekte derzeit behandelt werden. Als erledigt gilt, festzustellen, ob diese Funktionsobjekte in Typ-Hinweisen akzeptiert und unterscheidbar dargestellt werden können, mit Abdeckung für den Fall im Stil von Element/Comment.