Optional dependencies

See #15548 for an example of this problem.

Currently, we don't support optional dependencies in typeshed. Say a third-party package has some additional functionality if another third-party package is installed. For example, Authlib has a module authlib.integrations.requests_client that works only if requests is also installed. This leads to the awkward situation that our stubs for that module have many comments of the form "Inherits from requests.Session".

I suggest that we should add support for optional dependencies. Here's an idea:

• Add a field optional-requires to METADATA.toml. stub_uploader checks that this has the same limitations as requires.
• In tests optional-requires is treated the same way that requires is, i.e. the packages mentioned there are installed.
• stub_uploader adds this new field to project.optional-dependencies in pyproject.toml.

(Sidenote: Maybe we should rename requires to dependencies to match pyproject.toml.)

Linked PR:

• typeshed-internal/stub_uploader#203
• typeshed-internal/stub_uploader#208
• #15706

Beginne mit der Untersuchung der Verarbeitung von METADATA.toml und der Validierung von stub_uploader. Sieh dir anschließend die Tests an, die Pakete aus requires installieren. Definiere das Verhalten der optional-requires-Metadaten und verifiziere, dass die relevanten Pakete für die Tests installiert sind, während du die referenzierten stub_uploader-PRs und #15706 auf bereits getroffene Entscheidungen prüfst.