Covariant type variables should be allowed in class method

Currently, covariant type variables are allowed in __init__ so that you can put create an immutable containers with something inside of it. See https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2850.

It would be useful if covariant types are also allowed in class method that serve as alternative constructors. Currently mypy errors on this example, which is an extension of the other issues example:

from typing import Generic, TypeVar

T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)


class C(Generic[T_co]):
    def __init__(self, x: T_co) -> None:
        ...

    @classmethod
    def custom_init(cls, x: T_co) -> "C[T_co]":
        # error: Cannot use a covariant type variable as a parameter
        return cls(x)

My use case is trying to define an immutable container protocol that has a create class method, which will initialize the container with some contents, like this:

T_cov = typing.TypeVar("T_cov", covariant=True)

class ListProtocol(typing_extensions.Protocol[T_cov]):
    @classmethod
    def create(cls, *items: T_cov) -> "ListProtocol[T_cov]":
        ...

    def getitem(self) -> T_cov:
        ...
    
    ...

Commencez par reproduire le problème avec les exemples de classmethod du rapport et examinez comment mypy valide les variables de type covariantes dans les paramètres de méthode. Définissez le comportement attendu pour les constructeurs alternatifs, puis ajoutez une couverture de régression montrant les cas acceptés et exécutez les tests pertinents du vérificateur de types.