Type `mypy/config_parser.py` without `Any`

We could try to get all the Anys out of mypy/config_parser.py, which would prevent other configuration-file type-error crashes. (We will presumably still error, but could emit a friendlier message, as in https://github.com/python/mypy/pull/19494 and its GitHub issue.) You know... static typing :)

Semi-related: https://github.com/hukkin/tomli/issues/261

Originally posted by @wyattscarpenter in https://github.com/python/mypy/pull/19494#discussion_r2249050998

This might be very easy if the ini parser knows/declares what types it gives us (primarily strings?)... could be prohibitively difficult otherwise, or perhaps best addressed in typeshed stubs. I haven't looked into it much yet; I imagine it will be easiest to investigate with an IDE that does type inference and display, and I'm on a bus right now (the opposite situation).

Leggi mypy/config_parser.py e il comportamento discusso nella pull request #19494. Analizza quali tipi fornisce il parser INI, incluso se gli stub di typeshed siano rilevanti. Il lavoro è completato quando vengono rimossi i tipi Any applicabili, mantenendo la gestione degli errori di configurazione e prevenendo i crash dovuti a errori di tipo.