Disallow implicit exports on implicit submodule name bindings in `__init__.py`s

Consider the following package and main.py:

.
├── main.py
└── pkg
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── module1.py
    ├── module2.py
    └── utils.py

main.py:

import pkg
pkg.utils.bar1(pkg.foo1())

__init__.py:

__all__ = ('foo1', 'foo2')

from .module1 import foo1
from .module2 import foo2

module1.py:

def foo1() -> int:
    num = 1
    return num

module2.py:

from .utils import bar2

def foo2() -> str:
    num = 2
    return bar2(num)

utils.py:

def bar1(num: int) -> str:
    return 'a'

def bar2(num: int) -> str:
    return 'b'

There are no errors with any of this code; running main.py works fine, type checking with mypy --strict main.py or mypy --strict my_package checks out; but the package arguably contains an inaccuracy. Because of the way the package is written, the consumer script main.py relies on a potentially unstable language detail that is not widely known, although a documented part of the language:

When a submodule is loaded using any mechanism a binding is placed in the parent module’s namespace to the submodule object.

Let’s say that foo2 is deprecated and module2 is not needed any more. If the import line from .module2 import foo2 is removed from __init__.py then nothing would import the pkg.utils module anymore, hence the utils attribute will no longer exist on pkg. This means pkg.utils will no longer work in main.py without an explicit import pkg.utils.

This behaviour is indeed surprising and I wish Python didn’t do this implicit submodule name binding, although I acknowledge this feature has important implications as to how import foo.bar.baz currently behaves. However, I’m sure we can agree that having from .foo import bar leak foo into the namespace inside __init__.py is a common unintended side effect of importing bar.

I think it would be beneficial if Mypy could enforce a new convention to detect and disallow imports of names that exist in __init__.py due to implicit submodule name binding.

For comparison, Pyright does not understand implicit submodule name binding and simply emits a "utils" is not a known member of module in the given scenario.

Expected Behavior

main.py:3: error: Module "pkg" does not explicitly export submodule "utils"; implicit submodule export disabled

Actual Behavior

Success: no issues found in 1 source file

My Environment

• Mypy version used: 0.910
• Python version used: 3.9.6
• Pyright version used: 1.1.163

Comienza con el ejemplo del paquete en init.py y main.py, y luego reproduce el resultado actual con mypy --strict main.py. Define cómo deben distinguirse las exportaciones explícitas de las vinculaciones implícitas de submódulos; se considera terminado cuando el ejemplo informa de que pkg no exporta explícitamente utils, preservando al mismo tiempo el comportamiento de importación documentado.