Conflict between pragmatic locations and pure spans

The PEG parser produces locations for an AST that span the entire AST node. This is well defined, and has a number of desirable properties such as the span of a node including all its children's spans.

Unfortunately, this does not produce good locations for tracing and debugging, so we transform some locations in the compiler.
This is problematic as it means that tools producing as AST (e.g. pytest) need to second guess what transformations that the compiler will make.

I proposed moving these transformations in the parser in https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/94694, but as @pablogsal points out, this means that tools which consume the AST (e.g. type checkers) need to undo the transformations to get the original spans back.

The core problem is that there are tools that consume the AST produced by the parser, and tools that produce ASTs for consumption by the compiler, and they want subtly different ASTs.

One possible fix for this is to add a keyword argument to compile() to specify whether it should modify the locations. This would allow pytest, etc. to pass location information through compile() unmodified when needed.

先阅读 issue 94694 以及 parser/compiler 对 AST locations 的处理。比较 AST consumers 的需求与为 compile() 生成 AST 的工具的需求，然后确定保留 locations 的选项是否足够。完成的标准是：无需工具猜测或撤销 compiler transformations，即可定义 location 行为。