Windows code page codec cannot encode with code pages that require dwFlags=0

Bug report

On Windows, codecs.code_page_encode() fails with OSError: [WinError 87] The parameter is incorrect for every code page that WideCharToMultiByte() requires to be called with dwFlags = 0 and lpUsedDefaultChar = NULL: 50220, 50221, 50222, 50225, 50227, 50229, 52936 (HZ-GB2312), 54936 (GB18030), 57002-57011 (ISCII), 65000 and 42. Decoding these code pages works.

>>> import codecs
>>> codecs.code_page_decode(50220, b'\x1b$B$"\x1b(B')
('あ', 8)
>>> codecs.code_page_encode(50220, 'あ')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
OSError: [WinError 87] The parameter is incorrect

encode_code_page_flags() returns WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS, and encode_code_page_strict() passes a non-NULL lpUsedDefaultChar, for every code page except CP_UTF8 and CP_UTF7. decode_code_page_strict() retries with flags = 0 when MultiByteToWideChar() fails with ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS; the encoder has no such fallback. With dwFlags = 0 and lpUsedDefaultChar = NULL the conversion works:

>>> import ctypes
>>> buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(64)
>>> n = ctypes.windll.kernel32.WideCharToMultiByte(50220, 0, 'あ', 1, buf, 64, None, None)
>>> buf.raw[:n]
b'\x1b$B$"\x1b(B'

Note that usedDefaultChar is how the encoder detects unencodable characters, so dropping it needs a replacement (for example decoding the result back and comparing).

cp51932, cp51936 and cp51950 fail in both directions; those code pages are not supported by MultiByteToWideChar()/WideCharToMultiByte() at all.

Linked PRs

• gh-155018

從 codecs.code_page_encode() 以及 encode_code_page_flags() 和 encode_code_page_strict() 這兩個輔助函式開始，然後將它們的行為與 decode_code_page_strict() 進行比較。重現 code page 50220 的失敗，並驗證列出的 Windows code page 能夠成功編碼，同時不可編碼字元的偵測仍然得到涵蓋。關聯的 PR gh-155018 表明相關工作已經在進行中。