Base the tokenizer API on source offsets

The tokenizer currently stores many source positions as pointers into buffers that can move. Reallocating the input means rebasing all these pointers, and missing one is very easy, especially with incremental input and f-strings.

I think tokenizer positions should be offsets into the decoded source instead:

typedef Py_ssize_t TokenizerOffset;

typedef struct {
    TokenizerOffset start;
    TokenizerOffset end;
} TokenizerSpan;

The main ideas would be:

• One source object owns the decoded text.
• The cursor only stores its current offset and line boundaries.
• Tokens, errors and f-string state use offset spans instead of pointers.
• pegen and _tokenize ask the source for a view or copy of a span.
• Sequential tokenization keeps the current line in the cursor, while uncommon line lookups can use a small sparse index.
• Normal parsing can keep one contiguous buffer, while tokenize(readline) can eventually use reclaimable chunks.

For incremental tokenization, new decoded input would be appended only when the cursor needs more data. Existing offsets would remain valid even if the underlying storage moves. Once tokenize has returned copied token and line strings, old input could be discarded when no active token, cursor, f-string frame or error still refers to it.

This is very nice because it separates source storage from tokenizer state, removes pointer rebasing, and means consumers no longer need to access tokenizer internals.

Linked PRs

• gh-153585
• gh-153587
• gh-156472
• gh-156482
• gh-156484
• gh-156654
• gh-157055

首先阅读 tokenizer 的实现以及 pegen 和 _tokenize 使用的接口，然后检查已链接的 PR：gh-153585、gh-153587、gh-156472、gh-156482、gh-156484、gh-156654 和 gh-157055。完成的标准是 tokenizer 状态、token、错误和 f-string 状态使用源偏移范围而无需重新基址指针，同时保留普通和增量 tokenization。