Avoid double checking `tp_as_number`, `tp_as_sequence` and `tp_as_mapping`

Feature or enhancement

The PyTypeObject fields tp_as_number, tp_as_sequence and tp_as_mapping can be set to NULL
which means that any code that wants to access a field in those structs needs to first check for NULL.
e.g. checking if an object is a sequence:
if (Py_TYPE(s)->tp_as_mapping && Py_TYPE(s)->tp_as_mapping->mp_length) {

this is ugly, a bit error prone and slower than necessary.
Instead, during PyType_Ready, any of these fields that are NULL should be made to pointer to a struct full of NULLs.
This would remove the need for the extra check:
if (Py_TYPE(s)->tp_as_mapping->mp_length) {
since we would be guaranteed that Py_TYPE(s)->tp_as_mapping is never NULL.

Immutable types can all share common constant structs, so this should use very little extra memory.

Linked PRs

• gh-149317
• gh-149476

Beginne bei PyType_Ready und verfolge die Verarbeitung von tp_as_number, tp_as_sequence und tp_as_mapping. Untersuche anschließend die im Issue beschriebenen Zugriffsmuster. Erledigt ist die Aufgabe, wenn NULL-Slots sicher durch gemeinsam genutzte Strukturen mit ausschließlich NULL-Einträgen dargestellt werden können, ohne die zusätzlichen Prüfungen, und die relevanten CPython-Tests bestehen.