`concurrent.futures.Executor.map` with `buffersize` should yield from buffer and raise after executor shutdown

Bug report

Bug description:

As pointed by @salomvary in this discussion, the behavior of concurrent.futures.Executor.map with buffersize is misleading when iterating after the executor's shutdown. There is 2 cases:

1. Create the generator, shut down the executor, start iterating:

with ThreadPoolExecutor(1) as executor:
    iterator = executor.map(str, range(8), buffersize=2)

# start iterating after the shutdown
assert next(iterator) == "0"
assert next(iterator) == "1"
# raises StopIteration
next(iterator)

In this scenario the elements from the buffer are yielded, then the iteration is stopped.

2. Create the generator, start the iteration, shut down the executor, continue the iteration

with ThreadPoolExecutor(1) as executor:
    iterator = executor.map(str, range(8), buffersize=2)
    # start iterating before the shutdown
    assert next(iterator) == "0"

# raises "RuntimeError: cannot schedule new futures after shutdown"
next(iterator)

In this scenario a RuntimeError is raised by the first post-shutdown next, leaving not-yet-yielded results in the buffer.

I would vote for a mix of both: yield from the buffer and then raise the exception.

(the fix would be a dozen rows)

CPython versions tested on:

3.14, 3.15

Operating systems tested on:

macOS, Linux, Windows

Linked PRs

• gh-146395

Reproduce both shutdown scenarios in the issue using concurrent.futures.Executor.map and its buffersize argument. Inspect the Executor.map iteration path, then add coverage for yielding buffered results before the post-shutdown exception and verify the existing examples behave as described.