Deprecate accepting out of range values for unsigned integers in PyArg_Parse

Feature or enhancement

For unsigned integer formats (B, H, I, k, K) in PyArg_Parse, there is no overflow check. If the Python integer value is out of range of the corresponding C type, only the lowest bits are stored, and the higher bits are silently dropped. There are two reasons for this:

• The signess of the C type accepted by the C API (like uid_t, etc) is not always known. We need to accept values that fit in corresponding both signed and unsigned C types.
• Even if the type is unsigned, some small negative integers (casted to the unsigned tyep) can have special meaning. It is convenient if we can pass -1 instead of 0xffff_ffff or 0xffff_ffff_ffff_ffff, depending on platform.

But values that cannot be represented neither in unsigned not in signed C type, are obviously invalid. Silently accepting them can provoke bugs.

At first, I propose to emit a deprecation warning for such values. Later they will became errors.

Linked PRs

• gh-132630

首先阅读 PyArg_Parse 对无符号整数格式 B、H、I、k 和 K 的处理，然后查看关联的 PR gh-132630，了解已经在进行的工作。当既不适合有符号 C 类型也不适合无符号 C 类型的超出范围值发出所提议的弃用警告，同时受支持的负值保留其预期行为时，即表示完成。