Use tagged pointers for more efficient integer operations.

Feature or enhancement

Proposal:

From the discourse discussion:

Integers are ubiquitous, both in Python code and the virtual machine.
However our representation of integers is somewhat clunky and inefficient.

There is an old technique for handling ints efficiently in dynamic language VMs, called tagged pointers.
A normal object pointer always has its low bits set to zero, as objects are 8 or 16 byte aligned in memory.
We can use those low bits as “tags” to denote the meaning of the high bits.
Historically, the low bit has been set to zero to indicate that the high bits are a pointer, and to 1 to indicate that the high bits are an integer.

We already use another tagging scheme within the interpreter and in the frame stack, the tag indicating whether the reference is borrowed.

I expect to start small with this, initially just fixing https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/132508 then improving the performance of iteration over lists and tuples.

Has this already been discussed elsewhere?

I have already discussed this feature proposal on Discourse

Links to previous discussion of this feature:

https://discuss.python.org/t/using-tagged-pointers-to-support-efficient-integer-operations/87950

Linked PRs

• gh-157353

首先閱讀 issue #132508、關聯的 pull request #157353，以及引用的 Discourse 討論，以了解提議的標記指標表示法和目前的工作。該 issue 沒有指定檔案、測試或範圍明確的實作任務；完成它需要定義並驗證更廣泛的直譯器和 VM 設計。