Reorganize `os.path` documentation

The os.path documentation is alphabetically sorted. That's great because it's easy to find a function. However, this also means that functions shouldn't reference other functions documented later as the reader may not have been aware of them before.

An alternative is to reorganize the documentation page so that we put at the top the most used functions such as os.path.join. The latter caused a bit of confusion in gh-130527, where neither the OP nor me remembered that os.path.join("/a", "/b") == "/b".

If reorganizing the documentation is not preferred, we should at least add .. seealso:: directives and clickable links so that any function mentioned but not yet documented at the time of reading can be easily looked up.

• os.path.abspath contains a reference to os.path.join without a link.
• os.path.isabs could backlink to os.path.abspath.
• os.path.split mentions os.path.join but as it's far away, we could backlink it.
• os.path.join mentions "If a segment is an absolute path (which on Windows requires both a drive and a root), then all previous segments are ignored and joining continues from the absolute path segment.". We should add an example as it would be more explicit and teaching (e.g., os.path.join("/home/foo", "/home/bar") == "/home/bar".

Linked PRs

• gh-130557
• gh-131872
• gh-132408
• gh-142800
• gh-142801

Beginne mit der Dokumentationsseite zu os.path und überprüfe die im Issue aufgeführten Einträge für abspath, isabs, split und join. Sieh dir die verknüpften PRs an, bevor du beginnst, und ermittle dann, ob die akzeptierte Richtung eine Neuorganisation oder das Hinzufügen von seealso-Links und Beispielen ist. Als abgeschlossen gilt die Aufgabe, wenn die ausgewählten Verweise leicht nachzuvollziehen sind und das Verhalten von join bei absoluten Pfaden ausdrücklich erklärt wird.