`test_compileall` failed in 2038 on 3.12 and 3.13

Bug report

Bug description:

While working on reproducible builds for openSUSE (sponsored by the NLnet NGI0 fund), I found that
our python312 package fails to build when the build runs in a VM with
qemu-kvm -rtc base=2038-01-20T00:00:00

# Add a code block here, if required
 ======================================================================
 FAIL: test_import (test.test_compileall.HardlinkDedupTestsNoSourceEpoch.test_import)
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "/home/abuild/rpmbuild/BUILD/Python-3.12.6/Lib/test/test_py_compile.py", line 22, in wrapper 
     return fxn(*args, **kwargs)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/home/abuild/rpmbuild/BUILD/Python-3.12.6/Lib/test/test_compileall.py", line 1114, in test_import
     self.assertFalse(is_hardlink(pycs[1], pycs[2]))
 AssertionError: True is not false

3.13 seems to not be affected by the issue in test_compileall.

The full log is at https://rb.zq1.de/other/python312-ftbfs2038.log.txt
(there are also some expiring SSL certs)

CPython versions tested on:

3.12

Operating systems tested on:

Linux

Inizia da Lib/test/test_compileall.py intorno a test_import alla riga 1114 e riproduci il fallimento usando l’orologio della VM del 2038 descritto nel report. Confronta il comportamento di 3.12 e 3.13 e controlla il build log collegato per il risultato dell’hardlink. Il lavoro è completato quando il test compileall interessato passa nell’ambiente indicato.