`test_compileall` failed in 2038 on 3.12 and 3.13

Bug report

Bug description:

While working on reproducible builds for openSUSE (sponsored by the NLnet NGI0 fund), I found that
our python312 package fails to build when the build runs in a VM with
qemu-kvm -rtc base=2038-01-20T00:00:00

# Add a code block here, if required
 ======================================================================
 FAIL: test_import (test.test_compileall.HardlinkDedupTestsNoSourceEpoch.test_import)
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "/home/abuild/rpmbuild/BUILD/Python-3.12.6/Lib/test/test_py_compile.py", line 22, in wrapper 
     return fxn(*args, **kwargs)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/home/abuild/rpmbuild/BUILD/Python-3.12.6/Lib/test/test_compileall.py", line 1114, in test_import
     self.assertFalse(is_hardlink(pycs[1], pycs[2]))
 AssertionError: True is not false

3.13 seems to not be affected by the issue in test_compileall.

The full log is at https://rb.zq1.de/other/python312-ftbfs2038.log.txt
(there are also some expiring SSL certs)

CPython versions tested on:

3.12

Operating systems tested on:

Linux

Start with Lib/test/test_compileall.py around test_import at line 1114 and reproduce the failure using the 2038 VM clock described in the report. Compare the 3.12 and 3.13 behavior and inspect the linked build log for the hardlink result. Done means the affected compileall test passes under the reported environment.