socket.getfqdn() returns unqualifed hostname if the resolver is configured to trim local domains

Bug report

socket.getfqdn() is returning an unqualified address for my host. I tracked this down to the use of the trim keyword in /etc/host.conf the removal of which would cause other unrelated problems.

Looking at the source code for the system hostname command, they appear to call getaddrinfo with the service parameter set to NULL and pull out the ai_canonname field from the result. See: https://sources.debian.org/src/hostname/3.23/hostname.c lines 332-340 and 386 The python getaddrinfo doesn't especially help with this but perhaps this provides clues as to a more robust implementation.

Looking at Lib/socket.py, gethostname() actually is returning a fully qualified hostname and the gethostbyaddr() step is turning it back into an unqualified address. If this is hard to do portably, perhaps it could check for a dot in the values.

Your environment

Tested on a variety of RHEL based systems - Oracle Linux and CentOS Stream versions 8 and 9 both with distributed Python(s) and a build from source of the latest Python. Can also verify the issue by breaking down and tracing the source code in cpython/Lib/socket.py

/etc/host.conf on these systems includes the trim directive to remove the local domain from returned results.

从 Lib/socket.py 开始，跟踪 getfqdn() 经由 gethostname() 和 gethostbyaddr() 的调用过程；将其行为与 hostname 命令对 getaddrinfo 和 ai_canonname 的使用进行比较。在 /etc/host.conf 中配置 trim 的情况下复现该问题，并在 getfqdn() 无需移除该指令即可保留完全限定主机名时，视为结果完成。