For a categorical colour aesthetic, there appears to be no documented way to use selectedpoints to select individual points.

The following example highlights the first point from each colour group (the first "a" point and the first "b" point):

library(plotly)

d <- data.frame(x = 1:4, c = c("a", "a", "b", "b"))

plot_ly(d) |>
  add_trace(x=~x, y = ~x, color = ~c, type = "scatter", selectedpoints = list(0))

From the plot_ly() documentation, it appears that this code implicitly creates multiple traces, one for each colour, so this behaviour makes sense on this level (even if it's surprising). However, there appears to be no documented way to access individual traces. I've tried a number of permutations

In my opinion, if the code is going to transparently create multiple traces like that, it should also transparently map selectedpoints provided by the user (ideally as 1-based indexes or logical vectors, for consistency with R) to their positions within each trace.

Start with the plot_ly() documentation and the categorical-colour example to trace how colour creates separate traces and how selectedpoints is passed through. Done means providing a documented, consistent way to select points within each generated trace, with coverage for the shown example and the proposed R-style indexing behavior.