Inconsistent cast conversion in Tiflash

Bug Report

Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks!

1. Minimal reproduce step (Required)

Drop table if exists test_table;
CREATE TABLE test_table (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    col1 VARCHAR(255),
    col2 TINYINT,
    col3 SMALLINT
);

INSERT INTO test_table (col1, col2, col3) VALUES
    ('-9223372036854775809', -128, -32768),
    ('-9223372036854775808', 127, 32767);

ALTER TABLE test_table SET TIFLASH REPLICA 1;

SELECT /*+ READ_FROM_STORAGE(TIKV[test_table])*/
    id,
    col1,
    CAST(col1 AS SIGNED) AS signed_int,
    CAST(col1 AS UNSIGNED) AS unsigned_int,
    CAST(col1 AS DECIMAL(65,30)) AS decimal_value,
    CAST(col1 AS DOUBLE) AS double_value
FROM
    test_table;
    
SELECT /*+ READ_FROM_STORAGE(TIFLASH[test_table])*/
    id,
    col1,
    CAST(col1 AS SIGNED) AS signed_int,
    CAST(col1 AS UNSIGNED) AS unsigned_int,
    CAST(col1 AS DECIMAL(65,30)) AS decimal_value,
    CAST(col1 AS DOUBLE) AS double_value
FROM
    test_table;

2. What did you expect to see? (Required)

I find that unsigned_int is inconsistent across two queries.

3. What did you see instead (Required)

mysql> SELECT /*+ READ_FROM_STORAGE(TIKV[test_table])*/
    ->     id,
    ->     col1,
    ->     CAST(col1 AS SIGNED) AS signed_int,
    ->     CAST(col1 AS UNSIGNED) AS unsigned_int,
    ->     CAST(col1 AS DECIMAL(65,30)) AS decimal_value,
    ->     CAST(col1 AS DOUBLE) AS double_value
    -> FROM
    ->     test_table;
+----+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| id | col1                 | signed_int           | unsigned_int        | decimal_value                                       | double_value          |
+----+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
|  1 | -9223372036854775809 | -9223372036854775808 | 9223372036854775808 | -9223372036854775809.000000000000000000000000000000 | -9.223372036854776e18 |
|  2 | -9223372036854775808 | -9223372036854775808 | 9223372036854775808 | -9223372036854775808.000000000000000000000000000000 | -9.223372036854776e18 |
+----+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
2 rows in set, 4 warnings (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT /*+ READ_FROM_STORAGE(TIFLASH[test_table])*/     id,     col1,     CAST(col1 AS SIGNED) AS signed_int,     CAST(col1 AS UNSIGNED) AS unsigned_int,     CAST(col1 AS DECIMAL(65,30)) AS decimal_value,     CAST(col1 AS DOUBLE) AS double_value FROM
  test_table;
+----+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| id | col1                 | signed_int           | unsigned_int        | decimal_value                                       | double_value          |
+----+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
|  1 | -9223372036854775809 | -9223372036854775808 |                   0 | -9223372036854775809.000000000000000000000000000000 | -9.223372036854776e18 |
|  2 | -9223372036854775808 | -9223372036854775808 | 9223372036854775808 | -9223372036854775808.000000000000000000000000000000 | -9.223372036854776e18 |
+----+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

4. What is your TiDB version? (Required)

TiDB v8.4.0

Start by running the provided SQL reproduction on TiDB v8.4.0 and compare the TIKV and TIFLASH READ_FROM_STORAGE results for CAST(col1 AS UNSIGNED). Trace the cast handling in the two storage paths, focusing on the boundary values shown; it is done when both queries produce consistent unsigned_int results.