Observed worker state inconsistencies under Apache mod_proxy_fcgi with connection reuse (PHP-FPM 8.5.6)

Description

Environment

• PHP-FPM: 8.5.6
• Process manager: pm = dynamic
• Typical pool configuration:
  • pm.max_children defined (value respected and stable)
  • pm.start_servers, pm.min_spare_servers, pm.max_spare_servers standard tuning
  • pm.max_requests = 500
• Backend: Apache HTTP Server
• FastCGI handler: mod_proxy_fcgi
• Transport: Unix socket
• Relevant proxy configuration:
  <Proxy "fcgi://handler/" enablereuse=on flushpackets=on max=10>

Additional working configuration (mitigating issue)

The following configuration appears to resolve or significantly reduce the observed behavior:

<Proxy "fcgi://handler/" enablereuse=on flushpackets=auto smax=2 max=12 acquire=1000 ttl=10 timeout=60 connectiontimeout=300ms>

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Observed behavior (problematic configuration)

When using the simplified proxy configuration with connection reuse enabled:

• Workers in PHP-FPM appear to remain in intermediate states such as reading headers longer than expected.
• /fpm-status shows discrepancies in perceived worker activity (notably higher "active" states than expected based on external observation).
• Idle/spare worker management appears delayed or not aligned with expected request completion cycles.
• max_spare_servers behavior appears inconsistent with expected worker availability under idle load conditions.
• The issue is reproducible and deterministic under sustained use of persistent FastCGI connection reuse.

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Observed behavior (tuned configuration)

With explicit tuning of Apache FastCGI proxy pooling parameters:

• Worker state transitions appear consistent and timely.
• Idle/spare worker management behaves as expected.
• No persistent reading headers state anomalies observed.
• /fpm-status metrics appear stable and consistent with external process observation.

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Notes on reproducibility

• Issue is reproducible under Apache mod_proxy_fcgi only with:
  • enablereuse=on
  • minimal or default proxy pool tuning
• Behavior changes significantly when introducing:
  • ttl
  • acquire
  • connectiontimeout
  • constrained pool size (smax, max)

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Hypothesis (not confirmed)

It is not confirmed whether this behavior is caused by:

• PHP-FPM internal worker state machine handling
• Apache mod_proxy_fcgi connection reuse behavior
• Interaction between FastCGI persistent connections and request lifecycle completion signaling

However, the observed behavior suggests a possible desynchronization between:

• actual request completion at PHP execution level
• worker state transition to idle within PHP-FPM
• FastCGI connection reuse lifecycle on the proxy side

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Relation to /fpm-status discrepancies

It is not confirmed whether this issue is directly related to known discrepancies observed in /fpm-status (e.g. inconsistencies in reported active worker counts under certain conditions).

However, both phenomena share a common dependency on:

• worker state transition timing
• FastCGI connection reuse behavior
• request lifecycle completion signaling (reading headers / transition states)

This suggests a possible shared underlying factor, although no direct causality is claimed.

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Important clarification

This report is based on observations from an Apache + PHP-FPM setup. Equivalent behavior under Nginx has not been directly evaluated in this context, although similar FastCGI reuse patterns may be relevant.

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Summary

• Reproducible worker state inconsistencies observed under Apache mod_proxy_fcgi with connection reuse enabled.
• Behavior strongly influenced by proxy connection pooling parameters.
• Mitigation achieved via explicit tuning of reuse, TTL, and connection limits.
• Root cause not confirmed; likely interaction between FastCGI reuse lifecycle and PHP-FPM worker state transitions.
• Possible, but unconfirmed, relation to /fpm-status inconsistencies.

PHP Version

PHP 8.5.7 (cli) (built: Jun 10 2026 20:19:22) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.5.7, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.5.7, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

Operating System

No response

首先，使用 PHP-FPM 8.5.7、Apache mod_proxy_fcgi、Unix 套接字，以及此处所述的最小 配置和调优后的 配置来复现该行为。将 /fpm-status 中的 worker 状态与外部观测结果进行比较，并确定差异究竟出在 PHP-FPM 的请求状态转换，还是出在 Apache 的连接复用上；完成的标准是确认原因，并提供一个有针对性的回归测试或可复现的修复。