Implement font lookup in ext/gd

Description

As is, libgd supports a somewhat complex font lookup for gdImageStringFT() (and friends). You can actually pass a semicolon delimeted list of fonts, and each font can be an absolute or relative path to a font file, or a suffix to any of the default font paths, which are hard-coded for different platforms, but which also can be overridden via the environment variable GDFONTPATH. As is, we pass the $font_file argument of imagettftext() and friends directly to gdImageStringFT(), so libgd does all the heavy work to actually find the desired font.

However, this does not (necessarily) work for ZTS builds when relative paths are given, since external libgd is not aware of the VCWD (while bundled libgd is) (see #17366). In addition, changing a global enviroment variable doesn't fit well to our ZTS model (see https://github.com/php/php-src/pull/16565#issuecomment-2665494265). And there are also some minor issues with the libgd implementation (e.g. https://github.com/libgd/libgd/issues/952).

In my opinion, the font lookup in libgd should have better been split from the actual drawing functions, what would have allowed us to implement our own font lookup in the first place, properly catering to VCWD and what not (e.g. fontconfig support, which is implemented in libgd, but not supported from ext/gd). Now this is moot, but I still suggest to implement our own font lookup in ext/gd (basically re-implementing what libgd does), and then to pass only a single absolute font path to gdImageStringFT(). This would allow to compensate the current incompatibilites between external and bundled font lookup (partially paving the way to unbundle libgd), and would also allow us to make further improvements (especially fontconfig comes to mind), with having to deal with the somewhat messy way that is implemented in external libgd (see gdImageStringFTEx()) (bundled libgd doesn't even support that).

Beginne mit den schriftbezogenen Einstiegspunkten in ext/gd, insbesondere imagettftext() und den zugehörigen Funktionen, und vergleiche deren aktuelle Weitergabe an gdImageStringFT() mit dem Suchverhalten von libgd bei der Suche in gdImageStringFTEx(). Als abgeschlossen gilt die Implementierung der Schriftensuche in ext/gd, die die genannten Pfad- und Umgebungsfälle unter Berücksichtigung von VCWD behandelt und einen einzelnen absoluten Schriftpfad an gdImageStringFT() übergibt.