module: CJS loader re-stats the same missing paths within one require tree

The CommonJS loader keeps a per-require-tree statCache (in lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js) to avoid re-stat-ing the same path while resolving a module tree. Today it only caches successful stats. Negative results (e.g. -ENOENT) fall through the cache and are re-probed every time the same missing path is looked up again within the same top-level require.

// lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js — stat()
const result = internalFsBinding.internalModuleStat(filename);
if (statCache !== null && result >= 0) {
  // Only set cache when `internalModuleStat(filename)` succeeds.
  statCache.set(filename, result);
}

Failed probes are extremely common during resolution, and the same misses recur across sibling and descendant modules:

• tryExtensions resolves an extensionless specifier (e.g. require('./helper')) by stat-ing each candidate in order: ./helper.js, then ./helper.json, then ./helper.node until one exists. Every extension tried before the real one is a miss.
• Bare specifiers (require('foo')) walk the node_modules chain upward: …/a/b/node_modules, …/a/node_modules, …/node_modules. Most of those parent directories don't exist, so each is a negative stat, and every bare require in the tree re-walks the same non-existent ancestors.

Because negatives aren't cached, these misses are re-stat-ed repeatedly within a single resolution pass.