Support `Temporal` across Node.js APIs

The Temporal proposal is currently Stage 3, has in progress / experimental implementation in V8 (available in latest releases using --harmony-temporal), and is likely to be unflagged in Node.js once it's stable enough (refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/57127, https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/57128).

In light of this, I propose that Node.js begins supporting Temporal in the relevant APIs (mainly those that already work with Dates) after it becomes available by default without runtime flag.

Relevant APIs:

• fs: Stats and BigIntStats
  Only bigint version provides nanosecond precision, and both provide lazy getters for Date instances. Adding lazy getters for Temporal.Instant would also make non-bigint version provide nanosecond precision.
• fs: utimes(), lutimes(), futimes(), utimesSync(), lutimesSync(), futimesSync(), promises.utimes(), promises.lutimes(), filehandle.utimes()
  Accepts atime and mtime as number|string|Date, can support Temporal.Instant as well.
  Note: these functions also don't accept bigints yet. In the Temporal API, numbers are used for epochTimes in milliseconds while bigints are used for nanoseconds. Adding direct support of bigints might result a confusing API: some users might expect it to coerce type and behave exactly the same as number|string, some might expect it to be parsed as nanoseconds. Adding Temporal support would make it unambiguous.

Maybe there are other APIs that can benefit from this, too?
cc @nodejs/fs since it's only https://github.com/nodejs/node/labels/fs at the moment.

Internal updates (if it happens to be more precise, more fast, or more readable), generic support (primordials, util, assert, etc.) and dependencies (for example, undici.setCookie(, { expires })) are out of scope here.

Beginne mit der Überprüfung der aufgeführten fs APIs, ihrer bestehenden Date-Behandlung sowie des verlinkten Temporal-Vorschlags und der Node.js-Referenzen. Definiere die unterstützte API-Oberfläche und die Kompatibilitätserwartungen, bevor du irgendetwas änderst; abgeschlossen bedeutet, dass die vereinbarte Temporal-Unterstützung implementiert und durch die relevanten fs-Tests abgedeckt ist, obwohl hier keine bestimmten Dateien oder Tests genannt werden.