[v2] RFC 9728 PRM URLs and resource matching drop query components

What happened?

While testing the v2 auth/protected-resource-metadata path, I noticed query-bearing resource identifiers are treated as if the query is not part of the resource.

For a resource server URL like:

https://api.example.com/mcp?tenant=a

three SDK paths currently drop or ignore ?tenant=a:

1. mcp.server.auth.routes.build_resource_metadata_url() returns:

https://api.example.com/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource/mcp

2. mcp.client.auth.utils.build_protected_resource_metadata_discovery_urls(None, resource) also tries:

https://api.example.com/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource/mcp
https://api.example.com/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource

3. mcp.shared.auth_utils.check_resource_allowed() treats different query components as matching, so the client accepts protected resource metadata for ?tenant=b when the server URL was ?tenant=a.

This is latent for path-only deployments, but it matters for query-routed or multi-tenant resource identifiers.

What did you expect?

RFC 9728 derives the protected-resource metadata URL by inserting /.well-known/oauth-protected-resource before the protected resource path and/or query. If the resource identifier includes a query component, the derived metadata URL and resource validation should not silently collapse it with a different query.

For https://api.example.com/mcp?tenant=a, I expected the path-specific metadata URL to be:

https://api.example.com/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource/mcp?tenant=a

And a PRM document whose resource is https://api.example.com/mcp?tenant=b should not validate for a client configured with https://api.example.com/mcp?tenant=a.

Code to reproduce

import anyio
from pydantic import AnyHttpUrl, AnyUrl

from mcp.client.auth import OAuthClientProvider
from mcp.client.auth.utils import build_protected_resource_metadata_discovery_urls
from mcp.server.auth.routes import build_resource_metadata_url
from mcp.shared.auth import OAuthClientMetadata, ProtectedResourceMetadata
from mcp.shared.auth_utils import check_resource_allowed
from tests.interaction.auth._harness import InMemoryTokenStorage


async def main() -> None:
    resource = "https://api.example.com/mcp?tenant=a"

    print(build_resource_metadata_url(AnyHttpUrl(resource)))
    print(build_protected_resource_metadata_discovery_urls(None, resource))
    print(check_resource_allowed(
        "https://api.example.com/mcp?tenant=a",
        "https://api.example.com/mcp?tenant=b",
    ))

    provider = OAuthClientProvider(
        server_url=resource,
        client_metadata=OAuthClientMetadata(
            client_name="probe",
            client_uri=AnyHttpUrl("https://example.com"),
            redirect_uris=[AnyUrl("http://localhost:3030/callback")],
        ),
        storage=InMemoryTokenStorage(),
    )
    prm = ProtectedResourceMetadata(
        resource=AnyHttpUrl("https://api.example.com/mcp?tenant=b"),
        authorization_servers=[AnyHttpUrl("https://auth.example.com")],
    )
    await provider._validate_resource_match(prm)
    print("accepted mismatched query")


anyio.run(main)

Current output:

https://api.example.com/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource/mcp
['https://api.example.com/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource/mcp', 'https://api.example.com/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource']
True
accepted mismatched query

SDK version

Current main branch, v2 development line.

Area

Auth

AI-assisted (Claude/Codex) for navigation and review; change authored and understood by me.

Start with mcp.server.auth.routes.build_resource_metadata_url(), mcp.client.auth.utils.build_protected_resource_metadata_discovery_urls(), and mcp.shared.auth_utils.check_resource_allowed(), then trace OAuthClientProvider._validate_resource_match(). Reproduce the query-bearing cases shown in the issue and add focused auth tests; done means metadata URLs preserve the query and different query components no longer match.