`Result value must be used` check

Hello.

Quite often while working with ImmutableJS data structures and other immutable libraries people forget that values are immutable:

They can accidentally write:

obj.set('name', 'newName');

Instead of:

let newObj = obj.set('name', 'newName');

These errors are hard to discover and they are very annoying. I think that this problem can't be solved by tslint, so I propose to add some sort of "you must use the result" check into the compiler. But right now I have no idea how I want it to be expressed in the language, so I create this issue mainly to start a discussion.

Rust lang, for example, solves a similar problem with #[must_use] annotation. This is not exact what we want, but it's a good example and shows that the problem is quite common.

Cette issue est une discussion de conception sur la manière d’exprimer une vérification « must use the result » dans le compilateur TypeScript, avec ImmutableJS et l’annotation #[must_use] de Rust comme exemples. Aucun fichier d’implémentation, test ou point d’entrée du compilateur n’est identifié ; il faut d’abord clarifier la conception du langage et le comportement attendu avant de localiser les zones pertinentes du checker et des tests.