Unexpected circularity error when variable is initialized from a class member

还没有人认领这个 Issue。

### 🔎 Search Terms

loss of type, for loop, for-loop, class field

### 🕗 Version & Regression Information

- This changed between versions ______ and _______
- This changed in commit or PR _______
- This is the behavior in every version I tried, and I reviewed the FAQ for entries about _________
- I was unable to test this on prior versions because _______

### ⏯ Playground Link

https://www.typescriptlang.org/play/?#code/JYOwLgpgTgZghgYwgAgIIAd0BtgLmYAexGQG8AoZK5YAEwC5kBnMKUAcwG5zLq9J2hKAE9GFahJoNmrDtwkBfckvIIscJkzSYc-IiC3jq6AK4AjXcgBioWhmy58+gBQBHE9FEy2IdgEpGe10nYmQAH2QQEywsMl5JZCgIMBMoEiiY+WolFTUNLQAVCBY4iQBlCCwIBEg7HUcCYiZGCrAAHhYfdgA+ZABeSIgAd2RW5z8sqiCG-WbtBz0m8Mjo2IGMrEnkdmTRyura6cWDACFhAGF8CEERccYABTgoAjgsNoAlaqFaDtlfABo9u1OhxumDlhtSglkAB6GHIADqQgA1k9CCYQLRkABGRgAW0IADcUGAABbALQWQgIZE0Ax0FAwITILCEQjoeKSOGIlFojFYgBMLTgxOQAAMyRSAHRHEIGMXIMCEZBwZAIJpgRWkiAkExMEmk-CciTAGDIZySpgy+rHLR9e0rGJ+KHQ6hJFJpR2bY3ZHiu9UGTVJJjRMAPJ4vN6fdVQH4ggFA35dMG9AakBTcH1UJlQc0BkpwG1ygCSABFkIQzZapRUqjUIHUFnKmM6jK6qPnNYWm40SANq7Le1abJjBy5u8Fe2WJlnJKbzROZqF7etVq3Z-7iAQohAtq6VO2+Bq1VcbsIy-0VUXe1L+NchMIpXQ99DO1ee7NL8HQwBtO9nssAF1kAAfhAwYRlaJNQXGF8EkXW0pTgWhaGcBC5SfWgZ0PKhuXOQg8TxHUwBhDF1UI4itUZQgYkIIYOBZUASWVfUUGATUzCSOBkVIkBOIgbiNzdYpf3-B8gMvdChzg5AD2hd1UhIb8sDALYciAA

### 💻 Code

```ts
interface Application {
id: string;

category: {
id: string;
}
}

class Applications {
public FindApplication(query: string): Application | null {
return null;
}
}

class Test {
SelectedApplications: Set = new Set();
Applications: Applications | null = null;
get SelectedApplicationsByCategory(): Partial>> | null {
// Workaround 1: move this block inside for loop
// Workaround 2: Save this.Applications to a const then use that
if (this.Applications === null) {
return null;
}

const result: Partial>> = {};

for (const applicationID of this.SelectedApplications) {
const application = this.Applications.FindApplication(applicationID);
if (application === null) {
continue;
}

const categoryID = application.category.id;
const applications = result[categoryID] ?? new Set();
applications.add(application.id);
// Comment/uncomment the following line to see it break/unbreak
result[categoryID] = applications;
}

return result;
}
}
```

### 🙁 Actual behavior

`application` has type: `any`. `FindApplication` returns `Application | null`, but that gets lost somewhere.

### 🙂 Expected behavior

type for `application` should be `Application | null`.

### Additional information about the issue

See comments in code for workarounds and to see another line break type inference.

从链接的 TypeScript Playground 复现开始，并比较 getter 中记录的两种变通方案。追踪为什么对 result[categoryID] 的赋值会改变 application 的推断类型；完成的标准是 application 在不使用这两种变通方案的情况下仍保持为 Application | null。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。