Type discrimination by static readonly symbol

🔍 Search Terms

"type discrimination", "discrimination", "symbol discriminator"

✅ Viability Checklist

• This wouldn't be a breaking change in existing TypeScript/JavaScript code
• This wouldn't change the runtime behavior of existing JavaScript code
• This could be implemented without emitting different JS based on the types of the expressions
• This isn't a runtime feature (e.g. library functionality, non-ECMAScript syntax with JavaScript output, new syntax sugar for JS, etc.)
• This isn't a request to add a new utility type: https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/No-New-Utility-Types
• This feature would agree with the rest of our Design Goals: https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/TypeScript-Design-Goals

⭐ Suggestion

AFAIK it is impossible to discriminate types by a static symbol like this:

class Animal {
    public static readonly symbol = Symbol()
}

if (obj[Animal.symbol] === something) {
    // here types are not deduced correctly
}

In contrast, code like this works fine:

const animal_symbol = Symbol()

if (obj[animal_symbol] === something) {
    // here types are not deduced correctly
}

Not sure if this is a bug or just not implemented due to some complications.

📃 Motivating Example

By using unique symbol in a class I can discriminate objects like this:

class Cat {
    public static readonly symbol = Symbol(`Cat.symbol`)

    public get symbol() : typeof Cat.symbol {
        return Cat.symbol
    }

    public meow() {}
}

class Dog {
    public static readonly symbol = Symbol(`Dog.symbol`)

    public get symbol() : typeof Dog.symbol {
        return Dog.symbol
    }

    public woof() {}
}

type AnimalUnion = Cat | Dog

function take_animal(animal : AnimalUnion) {
    if (animal.symbol === Cat.symbol) animal.meow()
    else if (animal.symbol === Dog.symbol) animal.woof()
    else assert_never(animal, new Error)
}

function assert_never(never : never, error : Error) : never {
    throw error
}

The main focus here is inside take_animal: we can know that animal has meow() method if animal.symbol === Cat.symbol.

In this particular case I used symbol key to store the symbol. But what if key is also a symbol?
Like this:

const animal_symbol = Symbol(`Animal.symbol`)

class Cat {
    public static readonly [animal_symbol] = Symbol(`Cat.symbol`)

    public get [animal_symbol]() : typeof Cat[typeof animal_symbol] {
        return Cat[animal_symbol]
    }

    public meow() {}
}

class Dog {
    public static readonly [animal_symbol] = Symbol(`Dog.symbol`)

    public get [animal_symbol]() : typeof Dog[typeof animal_symbol] {
        return Dog[animal_symbol]
    }

    public woof() {}
}

type AnimalUnion = Cat | Dog

function take_animal(animal : AnimalUnion) {
    if (animal[animal_symbol] === Cat[animal_symbol]) animal.meow()
    else if (animal[animal_symbol] === Dog[animal_symbol]) animal.woof()
    else assert_never(animal, new Error)
}

function assert_never(never : never, error : Error) : never {
    throw error
}

This example works fine and guarantee no name collisions between string key symbol and possible field in derived class.

But for some reason if I try to put animal_symbol in a static readonly property;

class Animal {
    public static readonly symbol = Symbol(`Animal.symbol`)
}

class Cat {
    public static readonly [Animal.symbol] = Symbol(`Cat.symbol`)

    public get [Animal.symbol]() : typeof Cat[typeof Animal.symbol] {
        return Cat[Animal.symbol]
    }

    public meow() {}
}

class Dog {
    public static readonly [Animal.symbol] = Symbol(`Dog.symbol`)

    public get [Animal.symbol]() : typeof Dog[typeof Animal.symbol] {
        return Dog[Animal.symbol]
    }

    public woof() {}
}

type AnimalUnion = Cat | Dog

function take_animal(animal : AnimalUnion) {
    if (animal[Animal.symbol] === Cat[Animal.symbol]) animal.meow()
    else if (animal[Animal.symbol] === Dog[Animal.symbol]) animal.woof()
    else assert_never(animal, new Error)
}

function assert_never(never : never, error : Error) : never {
    throw error
}

The trick doesn't work anymore. Now take_animal() can't deduce meow() from animal[Animal.symbol] === Cat[Animal.symbol].
But I think it should.

💻 Use Cases

1. What do you want to use this for?
   I want to use this to introduce segregation not by string key, but by a symbol key stored as static readonly.
2. What shortcomings exist with current approaches?
   It cannot use static readonly symbols.
3. What workarounds are you using in the meantime?
   I have to use symbols as global variables.

L'issue non indica file né test; inizia con gli esempi take_animal di Cat/Dog e riproduci la differenza tra un simbolo a livello di modulo e Animal.symbol. Traccia il comportamento del type checker per le proprietà di simbolo statiche in sola lettura, quindi aggiungi una copertura mirata che mostri il narrowing previsto e il comportamento esaustivo di assert_never.