Couple apparent bugs with variance checking

Bug Report

🔎 Search Terms

variance, methods, generics

NB: I did not search very exhaustively, but I did minimize the examples, so should be pretty easy to review and close as dupe or "by design" or whatever.

🕗 Version & Regression Information

• This is the behavior in every version I tried, and I reviewed the FAQ for entries about strictFunctionTypes

⏯ Playground Link

Variance checking does not interact correctly with extends:

https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?#code/C4TwDgpgBAYgPAewK7CgQQDRWagQgPigF4o4ANKCAD2AgDsATAZ3WPXwAoA3ALijICUxQrgBQogMYI6TVAEM+8OhC4QATlmWq1hEl2FQuk6bKgAjRXDpIAtmfWaV63VDnGZqNRCZIANsD4tdTYzDgAWACYhAHpoqAB3AAsEBDAmIA

Variance checking does not interact correctly with "records with methods" types:

https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?#code/C4TwDgpgBAGgPAewK7CgZQHxQLxQN4BQUUAHgBQDOAXOgJQ0B2EAbhAE4EC+BBAxggwqoAhjXhNWbLLjykaFHFgXd+g1ACMxcJAwDWDBAHcG0qML4ChUQwAsECMNSgT2OKOoB05ACwAmWgRAA

💻 Code

Variance checking does not interact correctly with extends:

type F<out A, out B> = <X extends A = A>(v: X) => B

const a: F<never, never> = v => v
const b: F<unknown, never> = a
const result: never = b(42) // whoops

Variance checking does not interact correctly with "records with methods" types:

type X<out S> = {
  x(s: S): never
}

const a: X<never> = { x: s => s }
const b: X<unknown> = a
const whoops: never = b.x(42)

🙁 Actual behavior

In both cases the typechecker allows me to inhabit never.

🙂 Expected behavior

The typechecker should reject my incorrect variance annotations (F<out A, ...> and X<out S>) and not allow me to inhabit never.

---

Incidentally this came to light out of some discussion in the "forall for non-functions" issue here: https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/17574#issuecomment-1465094919, but these things don't really seem materially related.

Related to #48240.

Inizia con le due riproduzioni di TypeScript Playground e confronta i casi di varianza annotati che coinvolgono extends e record methods. Traccia il modo in cui il typechecker convalida le annotazioni di varianza, quindi conferma che entrambe le annotazioni errate vengano rifiutate e che nessun esempio possa abitare never.