Guidance / doc improvements for exactOptionalPropertyTypes for deleting an optional property that cannot be set undefined.

Suggestion

Documentation / compiler message improvements surrounding the new exactOptionalPropertyTypes flag.
Specifically, guidance surrounding optional properties that have been set and need to be 'deleted'.

🔍 Search Terms

exactOptionalPropertyTypes
undefined isn't a number, Type 'undefined' is not assignable to type 'number'

✅ Viability Checklist

My suggestion meets these guidelines:

• This wouldn't be a breaking change in existing TypeScript/JavaScript code
• This wouldn't change the runtime behavior of existing JavaScript code
• This could be implemented without emitting different JS based on the types of the expressions
• This isn't a runtime feature (e.g. library functionality, non-ECMAScript syntax with JavaScript output, new syntax sugar for JS, etc.)
• This feature would agree with the rest of TypeScript's Design Goals.

⭐ Suggestion

I'm very much looking forward to exactOptionalPropertyTypes in TS 4.4 :-)

Given the following code, and assuming that exactOptionalPropertyTypes is enabled, it is clear that the developer never wants to allow age === undefined.

interface Person {
    name: string,
    age?: number;
}

let person: Person = {
    name: "Daniel",
    age: 27
};

An attempt to set age to undefined will of course give a clear message, easily understood.

p.age = undefined;    // Error! undefined isn't a number

However, the effectiveness of exactOptionalPropertyTypes flag may be undermined if the user is not familiar with the delete construct as an alternative to person.age = undefined:

delete person.age;

In my experience it is very rare to see this in 'normal' everyday code, and therefore a reminder about its existence would be welcome in both the docs for exactOptionalPropertyTypes and any compiler warning messages. Perhaps the above message Error! undefined isn't a number should be more specific if exactOptionalPropertyTypes was the reason it was triggered.

Note: I've added this suggestion after first mentioning it in feature pull request https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/pull/43947#issuecomment-880258619.

Regarding Daniel's comment in that thread about whether or not using delete is a best practice, I would agree that perhaps for a person's age the design should have it as nullable or undefineable - but there are many other situations where you might set a value you later want to undo.

Reverting the type definition back to | undefined would undermine the whole point of this feature - which is to eliminate unwanted iterable undefined properties!

📃 Motivating Example

Quick example: Currently I am defining breakpoints in an interactive UI such as:

type Breakpoint<T> = { mobileS?: T, mobileM?: T, mobileL?: T, tabletS?: T  /* etc*/ }

Clearly if the user adds a mobileL breakpoint and then deletes it I would want that gone from the model and not merely set to undefined.

{ mobileS: 'red', mobileL: undefined, desktop: 'blue' }    // [yuk!]

💻 Use Cases

Better educated TS users :-)

PS. I realize it's still early days for 4.4, but wanted to raise this after reading the original blog post.

Cerca nel repository TypeScript la documentazione relativa a exactOptionalPropertyTypes e il testo diagnostico riguardante l’assegnazione di undefined, quindi esamina la pull request della funzionalità collegata per il contesto esistente. Il completamento dovrebbe fornire indicazioni chiare sull’eliminazione di una proprietà opzionale e determinare se anche il messaggio del compilatore necessita di chiarimenti.