Exact Types

This is a proposal to enable a syntax for exact types. A similar feature can be seen in Flow (https://flowtype.org/docs/objects.html#exact-object-types), but I would like to propose it as a feature used for type literals and not interfaces. The specific syntax I'd propose using is the pipe (which almost mirrors the Flow implementation, but it should surround the type statement), as it's familiar as the mathematical absolute syntax.

interface User {
  username: string
  email: string
}

const user1: User = { username: 'x', email: 'y', foo: 'z' } //=> Currently errors when `foo` is unknown.
const user2: Exact<User> = { username: 'x', email: 'y', foo: 'z' } //=> Still errors with `foo` unknown.

// Primary use-case is when you're creating a new type from expressions and you'd like the
// language to support you in ensuring no new properties are accidentally being added.
// Especially useful when the assigned together types may come from other parts of the application 
// and the result may be stored somewhere where extra fields are not useful.

const user3: User = Object.assign({ username: 'x' }, { email: 'y', foo: 'z' }) //=> Does not currently error.
const user4: Exact<User> = Object.assign({ username: 'x' }, { email: 'y', foo: 'z' }) //=> Will error as `foo` is unknown.

This syntax change would be a new feature and affect new definition files being written if used as a parameter or exposed type. This syntax could be combined with other more complex types.

type Foo = Exact<X> | Exact<Y>

type Bar = Exact<{ username: string }>

function insertIntoDb (user: Exact<User>) {}

Apologies in advance if this is a duplicate, I could not seem to find the right keywords to find any duplicates of this feature.

Edit: This post was updated to use the preferred syntax proposal mentioned at https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/12936#issuecomment-267272371, which encompasses using a simpler syntax with a generic type to enable usage in expressions.

Es wird keine Implementierungsdatei, kein Test und kein Einstiegspunkt genannt. Beginne mit dem Lesen der Beispiele im Proposal, der verlinkten Flow-Dokumentation zu exact-object-types und der Syntaxdiskussion des issue; als abgeschlossen gilt die Aufgabe, wenn Syntax und Semantik für exakte Typen in Literalen, Ausdrücken, Unions und Parametern festgelegt sind.