Could you recommend libraries and books for learning data science in R and Python?

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Hi Prof Matloff and other friends,

I am not a beginner but not much different
I studied a bit (though not much) about statistics and machine learning a while ago, before switching to study about computer science (general non machine learning side). I am thinking about coming back to statistics and machine learning, or data science (a term which I don't fully understand and is popular nowadays), and start with some self study.

I was wondering if any of you could provide your opinions/recommendations about:

- What libraries in R and Python shall I learn? (I am not afraid of learning many, but I am not sure about the many choices of libraries).

- What books in R and Python would you recommend? (mainly for the pragmatic side for statistics, machine learning, or data science. Some books for programming and languages are also appreciated.)

- Which applications of statistics, machine learning or data science are popular in industry? NLP, computer vision, ...? (In academia, I guess biostatistics, bioinformatics, econometrics?)

Thanks.

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