Follow-up: expose pg_ash extension as opt-in once the image story is sorted

Spun out of #pr-for-feat/pg-ash-wait-events.

The harness now does pg_ash-style wait-event sampling itself
(see `bench_harness/wait_events.py`), which is option B of the
A/B/C trade-off in the PR description: harness-side sampler against
the standard `postgres:17.2-alpine` image, no extension install.

This issue tracks option A: switching (or extending) the postgres
image to one that ships `pg_cron` + the `pg_ash` extension itself,
exposed via an opt-in `--with-pg-ash-extension` flag.

Why it's a separate issue

• Today's harness-side sampler covers the data we need for the
  cross-system comparison report. Histogram counts per phase are in
  `raw.csv`, top-N events in `summary.json`, the
  `Wait-event breakdown — clean phase` plot is in `index.html`.
• pg_ash inside Postgres adds compact ASH partitions (rolling
  retention, time-series queries on an actual table) that are nice
  for post-bench exploration, not for the report. That's a
  separate value prop — ad-hoc "slice the wait events by minute"
  queries against a real history table.
• pg_ash needs `pg_cron` which the standard `postgres:17.2-alpine`
  image doesn't ship. Switching the image for everyone would
  confound throughput numbers across runs (different shared libraries,
  potentially different defaults). Switching it only when the flag is
  set keeps the canonical comparison clean while letting curious users
  drop into ASH.

Likely shape

• New `--with-pg-ash-extension` CLI flag.
• When set, override `POSTGRES_IMAGE` to a Tembo or custom image with
  `pg_cron` + `pg_ash`.
• After `start_postgres`, run `CREATE EXTENSION pg_cron;
  CREATE EXTENSION pg_ash;`. pg_ash schedules its own samplers via
  pg_cron — no harness work beyond the install.
• At end of run, dump pg_ash's ASH table into `raw_pg_ash.parquet`
  alongside `raw.csv` so users have both views.

Out of scope here

• The harness-side sampler stays. It's the canonical data source for
  the cross-system overlay; pg_ash would be a complementary
  exploration tool.
• We are not changing the default image. Whatever image option A
  introduces is gated behind the flag.

References

• pg_ash: https://github.com/NikolayS/pg_ash
• Tembo Postgres images (one example with pg_cron):
  https://github.com/tembo-io/tembo/tree/main/images

Commencez par la gestion de la CLI et le flux start_postgres, puis examinez bench_harness/wait_events.py pour connaître les limites d’échantillonnage existantes. Ajoutez le parcours opt-in --with-pg-ash-extension sans modifier l’image par défaut, installez pg_cron et pg_ash après le démarrage, puis exportez la table ASH vers raw_pg_ash.parquet à côté de raw.csv.