Type annotation for Python based Algorithms

## Description

Most of the python-based algorithms are not annotated by types as specified by [PEP 483](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0483/) and [PEP 484](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0484/)

Using generic types to provide these improvements is an effective way to enforce good practices and provide general documentation for other users quickly.

## Implementation

This can be discussed using central generic types with specifically defined types for only those algorithms that work on some certain types (like counting sort) or each file having its independent types