Add support for validation and custom types

**Issue by [clmcgrath](https://github.com/clmcgrath)**
_Monday Jun 26, 2017 at 18:21 GMT_
_Originally opened as https://github.com/gsscoder/commandline/issues/455_

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Add some sort of hook or attribute to plug validation into the parser pipeline

similar some similar frameworks use attributes or factory registration to allow an entrypoint for custom validation and type mapping (DI support would be awesome as well ;) )

a typical and widely used usage scenario for this would be filesystem path validation and mapping to IO classes such as FileInfo / DirectoryInfo
an seemingly easy way to to add this type of validation functionality would be to allow validation attributes that inherit from a validation base class or interface and run custom or pre-written code

some examples of validation provided in similar frameworks are
```csharp
[FileExists]
[DirectoryExists]
[FileNotExists]
[DirectoryNotExists]
[RegExValidation]
```

Powerargs provides a special class called a Reviver for custom type mapping as well that the framework looks for to try and map values to a custom or complex type ie path string => `FileInfo`

It is very hard to find a framework that does all 3 of these well currently and make this library a go to framework for myself and many other developers i am sure

as CLP 2.x is still in beta and major rewrite phase i think now would be a good time to look at feature expansion as well to increase the power of this framework

該 issue 將 parser pipeline、validation attributes、custom type mapping 和 Powerargs' Reviver 列為相關入口點，但沒有提供任何 repository 檔案或測試。首先檢視 CLP 2.x 的 parser rewrite，以及目前如何處理 FileInfo 和 DirectoryInfo 值。完成標準是達成共識的 design，並加入涵蓋 validation hooks 和 custom type conversion 的測試。

由索引模型根據 Issue 內容生成。