Alignment and padding controls for all blocks

#### Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.
Editors frequently need the ability to easily center align or adjust padding of content without using CSS. Considering this is a core part of most word processors and rich text editors (excluding wagtail), this is a big part missing from the editing experience.

#### Describe the solution you'd like
In the common block advanced settings, two toggles, one for alignment, and one for padding. These would work by simply adding the respective bootstrap classes based on user selection, similar to other advanced settings (e.g. column breakpoints).

#### Describe alternatives you've considered
The only real alternative is to add this only within rich text fields, or to add this to select blocks outside of advanced settings. However considering the ubiquity of alignment and padding, it makes sense to be added globally to all blocks.

#### Additional context
The default values of each should be unset, so as not to effect existing sites or default/global styles.

No se nombran archivos ni pruebas. Empieza localizando la implementación de configuración avanzada del bloque común y los controles existentes de puntos de interrupción de columnas; después, sigue el recorrido de cómo se almacenan y se renderizan las clases de Bootstrap seleccionadas. Se considera terminado cuando las opciones de alineación y padding se aplican en todos los bloques, permanecen sin establecer de forma predeterminada y no afectan a los sitios existentes ni a los estilos predeterminados.

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